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The 10 Basic Alphabets (Bols) of Tabla
Before learning the basic bols, it is crucial to understand the complete anatomy of the tabla.
The tabla, a classical Indian percussion instrument, uses specific phonetic syllables, known as "bols" or alphabets, to represent its different sounds. These bols are the language of the tabla. Mastering them is the first and most essential step for any student. Today, we will explore the 10 basic alphabets that form the foundation for all rhythmic compositions in Indian music.
Watch a Live Demonstration of the 10 Basic Bols
Right-Hand Bols (Dayan)
First, let's focus on the right-hand drum, the Dayan. The syllables played on the Dayan produce high-pitched, treble sounds. Here are the basic right-hand bols:
| 1. Ta / Na | A sharp, resonant sound played on the edge (Kaani). |
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| 2. Tin | A clear, ringing sound played on the center (Syahi). |
| 3. Te / Tete | A non-resonant, closed sound played on the Maidan. |
| 4. Re | Another non-resonant sound, often used in fast phrases like 'Tirekite'. |
Left-Hand Bols (Bayan)
Now, let's explore the left-hand drum, the Bayan, which produces deeper, bass sounds. The beauty of the Bayan lies in its ability to modulate the sound.
| 1. Ge / Ghe | A resonant, open bass sound, produced by striking the drum and allowing it to vibrate. |
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| 2. Ka / Kat | A sharp, flat-hand slap on the Bayan, producing a muted, non-resonant sound. |
Combined Bols (Both Hands)
When both hands play together, they create powerful, composite sounds. These combined bols are fundamental to most tabla compositions.
| 1. Dha | Combination of Ge (Left) + Ta/Na (Right). A resonant, powerful sound. |
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| 2. Dhin | Combination of Ge (Left) + Tin (Right). A softer, ringing composite sound. |
| 3. Dhe | Combination of Ge (Left) + Te (Right). A non-resonant combined sound. |
| 4. Thun | A special resonant sound on the Dayan, often accompanied by a soft touch on the Bayan. |
Conclusion: The Foundation of Tabla Playing
These basic tabla syllables, with their distinct sounds and variations, form the linguistic foundation for all rhythmic compositions in Indian music. Tabla players combine these syllables in countless ways to create complex rhythms and patterns. Mastering these bols with clarity and precision (known as 'nikaas') is the most important step in your tabla journey.