Welcome to Part 2 of our series on the Language of Tabla.
The Language of Tabla, Part 2: Core Compositions (Bandish)
Having understood the foundational blocks in Part 1, we now move to the heart of tabla repertoire: the Bandish, or fixed composition. These are the beautifully structured pieces that form the basis of both solo and accompaniment playing.
Kayda
Definition: A Kayda is a structured, expandable theme. The word 'Kayda' means 'rule' or 'system'.
Explanation: It is the most important compositional form in tabla. A Kayda is a theme that is first presented in its basic form and then developed through a series of variations (Palte) following strict rules, always concluding with a Tihai.
Rela
Definition: A Rela is a very fast, flowing composition, characterized by its rapid and dense bol patterns.
Explanation: The word 'Rela' means 'a rushing stream' or 'a flood'. Relas are known for their cascading effect and are typically played in Drut Laya (fast tempo) to showcase a player's speed and clarity.
Gat
Definition: A Gat is a fixed composition, often with a lyrical or dance-like quality, that is not typically expanded upon like a Kayda.
Explanation: Gats are particularly popular in instrumental music accompaniment. They have a distinct gait (chaal) and are played to complement the main melodic instrument.
Tukra
Definition: A Tukra, meaning 'a piece', is a short, beautiful, and non-expandable composition that always concludes with a Tihai.
Explanation: Tukras are like polished ornaments played for their aesthetic appeal and rhythmic impact. They typically start on Sam and resolve back to Sam.
Paran
Definition: A Paran is a powerful and bold composition that uses the forceful, open bols of the Pakhawaj (an older, two-headed drum).
Explanation: Parans are known for their majestic and commanding presence and are a staple in Kathak dance accompaniment and tabla solos.
Mukhda
Definition: A Mukhda is a short, introductory rhythmic phrase, usually lasting a few beats, that leads up to the Sam.
Explanation: It acts as a pickup to the main cycle, creating anticipation before the resolution on the first beat.
Coming Up in Part 3...
Now that we've covered the main types of compositions, the next part will explore the exciting world of improvisation and accompaniment techniques.