Welcome to the final part of our series on the Language of Tabla.
The Language of Tabla, Part 4: Advanced Concepts
In this concluding part of our series, we explore the theoretical concepts and practices that define the artistry and tradition of tabla playing. Understanding these terms will deepen your appreciation for the nuances of performance.
Layakari
Definition: Layakari is the art of rhythmic variation and polyrhythm. It involves playing bols at different speeds relative to the main tempo.
Explanation: This is the playground for a tabla player's mathematical and creative mind. It includes variations like Dugun (double speed), Tigun (triple speed), Chaugun (quadruple speed), and complex cross-rhythms like Aad (3/2 speed).
Dam (दम) & Bedam
Definition: These terms describe the presence or absence of a gap or rest ('dam') within a composition, particularly a Tihai.
- Bedam: Means "without breath" or gapless. A Bedam Tihai has its three phrases played continuously.
- Damdar: Means "with breath" or gapped. A Damdar Tihai has rests or pauses between its phrases.
Gharana
Definition: A Gharana is a traditional school or lineage of tabla playing, characterized by a unique style (baaj), repertoire, and techniques passed down through generations.
Explanation: The six major Gharanas of tabla are Delhi, Ajrada, Lucknow, Farukhabad, Benares, and Punjab.
Nikas
Definition: Nikas refers to the clarity, resonance, and precision of the tabla strokes.
Explanation: Good Nikas means that every bol is produced with the correct technique, resulting in a clean and beautiful sound. It is a hallmark of a skilled player.
Padhant
Definition: Padhant is the art of reciting tabla compositions aloud while keeping time with hand gestures (taali and khali).
For a deep dive into this crucial practice, please read our main article: What is Padhant and Why is it Important in Tabla?
Explanation: Padhant is an essential practice tool for internalizing the rhythm and structure of a composition before playing it on the tabla.
Conclusion of the Series
We hope this four-part guide to the Language of Tabla has been a valuable resource in your journey. With these terms, you are now better equipped to explore, learn, and appreciate the endless depth of this incredible art form.