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Introduction to Sultaal
Sultaal, also known as Sooltaal or Sulfak, is a majestic 10-beat rhythmic cycle in Hindustani classical music. It originates from the Pakhawaj tradition and is prominently featured in the Dhrupad genre. Its powerful and dignified gait makes it a favorite for both vocal and instrumental performances.
Watch a Live Demonstration of Sultaal
The Structure and Characteristics of Sultaal
Sultaal consists of 10 beats (matras) uniquely divided into five vibhags (divisions) of two beats each. This symmetrical 2|2|2|2|2 structure is a defining feature. The taal has two Khali (empty) beats, which creates a distinctive rhythmic character.
| Beats (Matra) | 10 |
|---|---|
| Divisions (Vibhag) | 5 (Pattern: 2|2|2|2|2) |
| Clap (Taali) | 3 (On the 1st, 5th, and 7th beats) |
| Wave (Khali) | 2 (On the 3rd and 9th beats) |
| First Beat (Sam) | On the 1st beat, marked with an 'X' |
| Common Tempo (Laya) | Medium (Madhya) |
Theka for Sultaal
The Theka (basic rhythmic pattern) for Sultaal is presented below in a three-row format for better readability on all devices.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dha | Dha | Din | Ta |
| X (Sam) | 0 (Khali) | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Kite | Dha | Tite | Kaka |
| 2(Clap) | 3(Clap) | ||
| 9 | 10 | ||
| Gadi | Gene | ||
| 0 (Khali) | |||
How to Practice Sultaal
To master the dignified rhythm of Sultaal, focus on these key steps:
- Internalize the 2-Beat Pulse: Before playing, practice reciting the bols while clapping on the Taalis and waving on the Khalis. This helps to internalize the steady, even pulse of the five divisions.
- Focus on Pakhawaj-Style Bols: Sultaal has its roots in the Pakhawaj. When playing on the tabla, try to produce open, resonant sounds ('khule bol') that mimic the powerful tone of the Pakhawaj.
- Maintain a Stately Tempo: This taal is not meant to be rushed. Practice with a metronome at a medium tempo to maintain its majestic and grand character.
- Listen to Dhrupad Music: Immerse yourself in Dhrupad recordings that use Sultaal. This is the key to understanding its feel and application in a musical context.
Applications in Performance
Sultaal is highly regarded for its application in serious and devotional forms of music:
- Dhrupad & Pakhawaj: It is a cornerstone taal for Dhrupad singing and is traditionally accompanied by the Pakhawaj.
- Instrumental Music: Used for instrumental compositions (gats) and tabla/pakhawaj solos that require a dignified 10-beat framework.
- Vocal Music: Besides Dhrupad, it can be used for some Bada Khayals and other compositions that fit its rhythmic structure.
Conclusion
Sultaal, with its distinct 10-beat structure and strong association with the Dhrupad tradition, is an essential taal for students and performers of Indian classical music. Its powerful yet graceful rhythm allows for profound artistic expression, making it a revered cycle in the world of percussion. While it has 10 beats, its feel is very different from the more common Jhaptaal, which is asymmetrical and used in Khayal singing.
