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Introduction to Pancham Sawari Taal
Pancham Sawari Taal is a less common but captivating rhythmic cycle in Hindustani classical music, composed of 15 matras (beats). This taal stands out due to its unique division and length, offering a rich canvas for complex compositions. It is an integral part of various musical forms, providing notable depth and character to both musical performances and dance.
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Taal Structure
The 15 matras of Pancham Sawari are divided into four vibhags (sections) with an uncommon pattern of 3+4+4+4. This structure provides a unique rhythmic feel. The taali (clap) falls on the 1st, 4th, and 12th matras, while the khaali (wave) is on the 8th matra.
| Taal Name | Pancham Sawari Taal |
|---|---|
| Beats / Matra | 15 |
| Divisions / Vibagh | 4 (3|4|4|4) |
| Clap / Taali | 3 (On 1st, 4th, and 12th beats) |
| Sam | On 1st beat (marked with 'x') |
| Wave / Khali | 1 (On 8th beat) |
| Tempo / Laya | Medium (Madhya) |
Theka for Pancham Sawari Taal
The Theka (basic rhythmic pattern) for Pancham Sawari Taal, following the Bhatkhande notation system, is as follows:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhin | Na | Dhidhin | |
| X (Sam) | |||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Kat | Dhindhin | Nadhin | Dinna |
| 2 (Clap) | |||
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| tikre | Tinna | Tirekite | Tunna |
| 0 (Wave) | |||
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Katta | Dhidin | Nadhin | Dhinna |
| 3 (Clap) | |||
Applications in Music
Pancham Sawari Taal is frequently utilized in:
- Vocal Music: Singers use this taal in dhrupad and khayal, where the elaborate cycle allows for detailed melodic development.
- Instrumental Music: This taal provides an excellent platform for instrumentalists to showcase their virtuosity and creativity through various improvisational forms.
- Dance Forms: Classical dancers use Pancham Sawari Taal to add a special touch to their performances, choreographing intricate footwork and expressions to its unique rhythm.
Taal Sign Explanation
The standard notation symbols help musicians understand the taal's structure:
- Sam (x): The first and most emphasized beat of the cycle, which is also the first taali.
- Taali (2, 3): Claps that mark stressed divisions, occurring on the 4th and 12th beats.
- Khali (0): A wave of the hand marking the unstressed division on the 8th beat.
- Vibhag (|): A vertical bar that separates the divisions.
Conclusion
Pancham Sawari Taal is more than just a rhythmic cycle; it is a sophisticated framework within Indian classical music. Its distinctive 15-beat structure is both challenging and versatile, giving musicians and dancers a unique opportunity to explore rhythmic complexity in their art.